After adjusting for ethnicity, history of preterm birth, perinatal substance use, concurrent Hepatitis C, protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapies, CD4 count and viral suppression at delivery (Table 4), STIBV in pregnancy remains an independent risk factor (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.04–4.19; p = .039). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and hepatitis C virus infection.