CCL2 and neoplasm: In cervical cancer, NFKB1, induced by E6-HPV, regulates the expression of proteins implicated in inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and CCL2), cell survival and evading apoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL anti-apoptotic proteins, cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP inhibitors of apoptosis proteins, and survivin), proliferation (Cyclin D1 and Myc), energy metabolism and metabolic switch (glucose transporters and hexokinases), tumour microenvironment (matrix metalloproteinases, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/VEGF), and adhesion and migration (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1/ICAM-1 and integrins) [21].