Our integrative transcriptome analysis, supported by Supplementary Fig. S2, demonstrates that hub genes such as CXCL1, CCL20, and CXCR3 are consistently dysregulated across H. pylori infection, gastritis, atrophy, and gastric cancer stages, including early stages (I and II), supporting their potential as biomarkers for disease progression and early detection. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and Atrophy.