To mitigate this hyperglycaemic condition in critically ill patients, xylitol can be used as a sugar substitute, either as a stand-alone ingredient or as a component of infusional products for clinical parenteral nutrition.107 The low glycemic and low insulinemic indices of xylitol are highly desirable effects in critically ill patients,11 where hyperglycaemia and/or insulin-resistant states are associated with increased mortality. Here, INS is linked to Hyperglycemia.