TLR4 and breast cancer: Specifically, LPS stimulation of the TLR4 pathway in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells results in the following: (1) promotes of cell migration, (2) activates of the β-catenin signaling pathway via PI3K/Akt/GSK3β, and (3) enhances transcription of β-catenin target genes, leading to metastasis (Li J. et al., 2017).