VEGFA and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: (16) showed that EVs released from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are internalized by monocytes, triggering activation of the NF-κB, which in turn enhances the production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and enhances cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)expression levels, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after stimulation of THP-1 cells.