TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Additionally, DNT cells secrete cytokines such as IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, which can either facilitate immune homeostasis or exacerbate disease activity in conditions such as autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis (40).