Indeed, these studies reported altered elastin and collagen content and distribution, altered surfactant production and remodeling of the lung vasculature and parenchyma resulting in fewer but larger alveoli, consistent with that observed in preterm infants with BPD (Willet et al., 2002; Kallapur et al., 2004; Rocha, 2013; Gotsch et al., 2007; Papagianis et al., 2019; Kallapur et al., 2005). The gene discussed is ELN; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.