SNCA and Parkinson disease: Noteworthy genetic mutations, notably within genes like SNCA (coding for α-synuclein), LRRK2, PARKIN, PINK1, and DJ-1, have been linked to familial forms of PD These genetic aberrations elicit multifaceted disturbances, perturbing diverse cellular processes ranging from protein degradation and mitochondrial function to cellular stress responses [30].