In metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and sepsis, NETs promote oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and cholesterol metabolism in naïve CD4+ T cells, thereby driving the differentiation of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) through TLR4 signaling [90–93]. Here, CD4 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.