NFKB1 and atherosclerosis: In contrast, elevated plasma SAH levels promote VSMC proliferation and migration via activation of the oxidative stress-mediated ERK signaling pathway and activate endothelial cell inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway.215 SAM/SAH regulate processes related to atherosclerosis through multiple signaling pathways; however, these pathways may involve complex cross-talk and feedback mechanisms.