H2AX and colorectal carcinoma: As a result, after overexpression of CAD-D1371A, we observed more significant protection of GC and CRC cell death compared to wildtype CAD, as assessed by the cell viability, morphological changes, and H2A.X phosphorylation staining, under the treatment of 5-FU or IR (Fig. 4b–f and Supplementary Fig. 4c–h).