COL1A1 and colorectal carcinoma: Additionally, studies have linked COL1A1 upregulation in CRC with lymphatic metastasis, serosal invasion, and hematogenous spread.[34] Bioinformatics analyses further suggest that homologous collagen family proteins, such as COL1A2 and collagen, type V, alpha 1, are highly expressed and associated with poorer DFS in CRC.[35] Matrix metalloproteinases play crucial roles in tumor invasion, metastasis, and ECM degradation.