GGTLC1 and AIDS: Conversely, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.82–8.88, P = .001) elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06, P = .004), and elevated levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH, OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04, P = .002) were identified as independent risk factors for severe liver injury in newly treated HIV/AIDS patients.