Notably, LAP demonstrated the greatest capacity to differentiate severe from early-stage glaucoma (AUC ═ 0.8061, P < 0.001; Max Youden Index ═ 0.5377), surpassing all previously reported markers, including ALB, LYMPH%, total and indirect bilirubin, NAR, NTBR, and NIBR. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is glaucoma.