First, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) blocks the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, leading to reduction of mitochondrial fragmentation, reduction of mitochondrial ROS, increased ATP production, and attenuated DA neuron degeneration in in vitro and in vivo α-synuclein, rotenone, and MPP+ PD models [209–212]. The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.