Moreover, other signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, and Wnt/β-catenin should also be explored to gain a more comprehensive understanding of COL22A1's role in GBM pathogenesis, as these pathways are known to be implicated in GBM progression and may interact with or be influenced by COL22A1 activity. The gene discussed is SOAT1; the disease is glioblastoma.