COL22A1 and glioblastoma: Moreover, other signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, and Wnt/β-catenin should also be explored to gain a more comprehensive understanding of COL22A1's role in GBM pathogenesis, as these pathways are known to be implicated in GBM progression and may interact with or be influenced by COL22A1 activity.