The resveratrol treatment groups, particularly those receiving medium and high doses, significantly improved pulmonary fibrosis scores, reduced the lung index and oxidative stress markers, and decreased collagen deposition. Furthermore, resveratrol inhibited TGF-β1-induced proliferation and differentiation of pulmonary fibroblasts and exerted its antifibrotic effects by modulating the TGF-β/Smad/ERK signaling pathway (Liu et al., 2023). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.