FN1 and pulmonary fibrosis: In the bleomycin-induced mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, the AMPK activator metformin reverses established fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β1-driven collagen and FN production, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, restoring myofibroblast susceptibility to apoptosis, and promoting autophagy-mediated ECM degradation (Rangarajan et al., 2018; Kheirollahi et al., 2019).