Although many studies have reported that Cpn can reduce fat content, promote thermogenesis in adipose tissue, and inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells (Xu et al., 2019; Li et al., 2018; Qi et al., 2019; An et al., 2018), there are also studies that report its role in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (Gong et al., 2021; Lan et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CPN1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.