In DKD models, both in vivo and in vitro, upregulation of Apoc1 leads to downregulation of Clu have been observed, suggesting that knockdown Apoc1 can mitigate high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in RTECs, thereby providing a protective effect against DKD (Chai et al., 2024). Here, APOC1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.