CLU and diabetes mellitus: A recent study examining the interaction of Clu between podocytes and renal tubules found that diabetes enhances the expression of transcription factor KLF6 in podocytes, subsequently increasing the secreted Clu, which in turn activates CaMK1D signaling by specifically binding to the low-density lipoprotein receptor associated protein 2 (LRP2) on proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) membrane, thereby improving mitochondrial function (Gujarati et al., 2024).