TFAM and Parkinson disease: Consistent with these findings, a recent study found that 4 weeks of treadmill exercise (10 months/min, 40 min/day, 3 days/week) significantly upregulated the expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1, and TFAM in the SNpc of PD rats compared to non-exercise controls (Ferreira et al., 2020).