EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: It remains controversial whether the EGFR pathway plays a role in the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Liu et al., 2017), while combined Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) and Tumor Protein 53 (P53) mutations lead to poorer clinical outcomes in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (Solta et al., 2024).