In view of the above support in the literature, we hypothesize that BNIP3 can also affect tumor aggressiveness in cholangiocarcinoma by influencing the immune microenvironment, mitochondrial hypoxia autophagy, and metabolic reprogramming, among other tumor biological behaviors, thereby affecting tumor aggressiveness and patient prognosis. The gene discussed is BNIP3; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.