VEGFA and neoplasm: Whereas in cancer, tumor-associated endothelial cells undergo abnormal angiogenesis through hypoxia-induced signaling via HIF-1α (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 alpha) and VEGF secretion, hence, leading to leaky, dysfunctional, and hypoxic blood vessels, that foster tumor growth and metastasis, while impairing drug delivery and limiting its efficacy (36, 37).