RAI1 and major depressive disorder: 8). Large-scale genetic analyses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cohorts have also pinpointed RAI1 as a susceptibility gene for ASD (Ref. 9). Furthermore, postmortem analyses of individuals with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depression have demonstrated significantly elevated RAI1 expression in brain tissues (Ref. 10). Recent foundational research has delved into the potential pathogenic mechanisms of RAI1, offering further insights into its role in neuropsychiatric diseases (Refs 11, 12, 13, 14, 15).