A phase I trial using DNA plasmid-based vaccine (WOKVAC) encoding epitopes from breast cancer antigens IGFBP-2, HER2, and IGF-1R that are expressed in pre-invasive and high-risk breast lesions showed that it can elicit significant immune responses in stage II/III breast cancer patients (NCT02780401) and has promise of preventing cancer development in high-risk patients. Here, IGFBP2 is linked to breast carcinoma.