However, recent studies have demonstrated the utility of increasingly fine-grained molecular subtyping both for predicting outcomes and tailoring treatment intensity.40 This research landscape is fluid, with both the continuous emergence of novel subtypes41 and the refinement of existing ICC subtypes.42 Established subtypes that show clinical significance include PAX5alt, BCR::ABL1-like, ETV6::RUNX1-like, and MEF2D-r,43 which are among the classes whose ALLIUM predictions exhibited high levels of uncertainty in this study. This evidence concerns the gene ETV6 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.