PTGS2 and diabetic kidney disease: PTGS2, the gene that codes for the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme, is involved in diabetic nephropathy by causing inflammation in the kidney through the synthesis of prostaglandins, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which can result in increased vascular permeability, proliferation of mesangial cells, and eventually renal damage [48–50].