Additionally, TUS enhances synaptic plasticity by upregulating BDNF expression in the hippocampus, as shown in murine models of cognitive impairment (Lin et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2017), a mechanistic focus reflected in the high centrality of journals like Neuron. Preclinical safety studies in rodents reveal that exposure to intensities below ISPTA = 3 W/cm2 causes no histological damage, establishing preliminary safety thresholds (Wattiez et al., 2017), yet the bibliometric analysis shows minimal contributions from low/middle-income courtiers. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is Cognitive impairment.