The development of lung fibrosis is inextricably linked to the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is activated during the development of lung fibrosis (122), and its activation results in the activation of a variety of cell types such as macrophages (123), platelets (124) and T cells, among others, to synthesize increased TGF-β, resulting in a positive cascade reaction that increases ECM production. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.