TGFB1 and neoplasm: Alternatively activated (M2) MΦ mainly secrete molecules involved in processes such as angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tumor progression: IL-10, arginase (ARG), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) to suppress the inflammatory response and upregulating mannose receptors, scavenger receptors, and angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while exhibiting low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (8).