TNF and myeloid sarcoma: However, new emerging data acknowledge a much broader range of B-cell functions in MS pathology, including activation of T cells and autoantigen targeting, production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), lymphotoxin-α (LT-α) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), generation of ectopic germinal centers, and antibody production [65].