Porous microneedles, due to the specificity of their structure, are often used as probes to detect changes in organismal biomarkers or indicator changes; scientists have also used porous microneedles to deliver exosomes wrapped with the STING agonist MSA-2 (MEM) [78] as a way to optimize the effect of radiotherapy, effectively preventing the recurrence of tumours. The gene discussed is STING1; the disease is neoplasm.