NFKB1 and helminthiasis: This modulatory effect is likely driven by anti-inflammatory pathways, reduced pro-inflammatory responses, microbiome support, and the interruption of TLR and NF-κB pathways, suggesting a potential role for helminth-induced immunomodulation and a balanced gut microbiome in mitigating severe respiratory outcomes, although the extent of modulation varies with the type of helminth, the stage of helminth infection, and the specific respiratory virus involved.