PSMB5 and acute liver failure: Notably, recent advancements have revealed viruses exploit ferroptotic pathways to facilitate their replication or trigger ferroptosis as a cytopathic mechanism; for example, hepatitis B virus protein X stabilizes enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and promotes trimethylation of H3K27, which inhibits SLC7A11 and induces ferroptosis in acute liver failure [26], while herpes simplex virus (HSV) leads to enhanced oxidative stress, decreases GSH concentration in host cells, and induces lipid peroxidation to produce highly reactive membrane lipid hydroperoxides [27].