GPT and diabetes mellitus: After excluding participants who developed outcomes within the first 2 years of follow-up in the UK Biobank (Table S1), further adjusting liver-disease-related indicators such as ALT, AST, and TBIL in the two cohorts, imputing missing data in the two cohorts, or further adjusting the participant’s illness status in the two cohorts (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cancer), the results were not substantially different (Tables S2–S4).