Verma et al. [136] demonstrated that recombinant Lactobacillus paracasei engineered to express human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) significantly attenuated key pathological features in diabetic retinopathy models, including reduction in retinal proinflammatory cytokine expression, decreased acellular capillary formation, and preservation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density. Here, ACE2 is linked to diabetic retinopathy.