On the other hand, increases in pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia or Shigella have been linked to elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6), or inflammasome complexes (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 or NLRP3) in patients with brain amyloidosis—an accumulation of amyloid proteins in the brain—worsening the pathogenesis of AD [190]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease.