Taken with the observations that live parasites cannot be cultured from calves beyond 30 min of inoculation, and confirmation that galectin-1, a putative host cell receptor for T. foetus, is present in the reproductive tract of these calves, initial infection attempts (experiments A and B) likely failed due to the flushing action, osmotic pressure, or pH-related effects of urine. Here, LGALS1 is linked to infection.