TNF and influenza: SCoV2/D614G infection induced the mRNA levels of IFN-β, IFN-λs, IL-8, IP-10, ISG15, MDA5, and TNF-α compared with the mock infection, where the induction of interferons (IFN-β, IFN-λ1, and IFN-λ2/3) and MDA5 were greater than that of the influenza H1N1 and H3N2 infections (Figure 5).