CCL5 and coinfection: Co-infection of SCoV2 and H1N1 caused an elevation in the IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations compared with the SCoV2 single infections, while the co-infection of SCoV2 and H5N1 caused an elevation in the IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, RANTES, and TNF concentrations than SCoV2 infection.