ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In NSCLC, these therapies have shown significant promise in patients with actionable mutations like EGFR, ALK, c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), Mesenchymal–Epithelial Transition Factor (c-MET), and Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2), enabling a personalized treatment approach beyond traditional histology, leading to expanding therapeutic use to broader patient populations [19].