Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated BROM’s ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3), which degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen and aggrecan, contributing to cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis. The gene discussed is MMP3; the disease is osteoarthritis.