IFNA1 and infection: Keratinocytes have the capacity to respond to infection using a range of innate sensing mechanisms including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), sensing through cGAS-STING and AIM2 and the interferon (IFN) response through the activation of IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs), and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) following binding of IFN to its receptor (reviewed in [19]).