ANXA6 and infection: In summary, we observed that (i) infection with the espF-deletion O157:H7 strain induces ER stress in Caco-2 cells, (ii) the decreased ER stress is dependent on the inhibition of the PERK pathway due to the interaction between EspF and ANXA6, and (iii) the EspF–ANXA6 interaction stimulates cellular calcium accumulation and induces apoptosis in Caco-2 cells.