In neuropathic and cancer-induced pain models, gamma-terpinene was also found to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α [65,101], inhibit iNOS expression, suppress c-Fos activation in the spinal cord, and lower calcium current density [101], all of which point to its capacity in modulating both inflammatory and neurogenic components of pain. Here, TNF is linked to cancer.