Several proteins identified as PE markers in at least two first-trimester studies—prothrombin, serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA1), complement C4b, and complement factor B—demonstrate statistically significant associations with kidney disease, while prothrombin and C4b are additionally linked to protein S deficiency (Table S11). This evidence concerns the gene SAA1 and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.