Utilizing the CCLE database, it was confirmed that fibroblast cell lines exhibited elevated mRNA levels of the six module genes (GFPT2, MFAP5, CTSK, MMP2, FSTL1, and PRRX1) (accessed on 2 March 2025) compared to pancreatic cancer cell lines (Figure 8A). Here, CTSK is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.