Thus, it was discovered that garlic-derived exosomes reversed HFD-induced brain inflammation and obesity in a mouse model of HFD-induced obesity via oral administration [89] The brain inflammation process was suppressed through the IDO1-mediated AHR pathway and the c-Myc-regulated c-GAS/STING inflammatory pathway when garlic-derived exosomes were taken up by microglial cells [89]. Here, AHR is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.