AR and obesity disorder: Preclinical models reveal that androgen deprivation or AR antagonism induces lipid dysregulation and IR [137], whereas AR activation (e.g., ostarine administration) counteracts metabolic perturbations in mice [138] Clinically, male hypogonadism strongly correlates with obesity, IR, and dyslipidemia, and these metabolic abnormalities are reversible through testosterone replacement therapy [139,140,141,142,143].