Using female transgenic mice with conditional ablation of either ERα or ERβ in different neural cell types, it has been demonstrated that ERα in astrocytes and ERβ in oligodendrocytes mediate neuroprotective and remyelinating effects of estrogens in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) [40,41,42,43]. The gene discussed is ESR2; the disease is experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.